While Mozambique has made a significant transition from war-to-peace, it still has far to go to eradicate poverty, reduce mortality, and increase incomes. Seventy-one percent of the population is rural; two-thirds live in abject poverty; and 88 percent depend for a living on agriculture and fisheries. Over 45 percent of Mozambicans are less than 15 years old, and the population growth rate, although reduced to 2.3 percent per annum, still is high enough to erode improvements in the standard of living.

Mozambique is one of the ten African countries hit hardest by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with 13 percent of the 15-49 age group HIV positive, according to the latest UNAIDS figures. More recent seroprevalence analysis conducted by Mozambique's National Statistics Institute (INE) shows that in mid-2004 the country's HIV prevalence is at 14.9 percent. The heaviest HIV burden is in the center of the country, where prevalence is 16.7 percent; it is 14.8 percent in the southern region, and 8.4 percent in the north. The hardest hit province is Sofala, located around the city of Beira. HIV prevalence in Sofala is 26.5 percent.

Mozambique also has one of the highest malaria mortality rates in Africa, with malaria causing 1,159 deaths per 100,000 children aged 0-4. The TB mortality rate for Mozambique is 67 per 100,000.

Sources: BBC country profile; AllAfrica.com, Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo), July 24, 2004; United Nations Statistics Division; Synergy Project

In 2003 the Mozambican government set a goal of providing anti-retroviral therapy to 100,000 of its HIV infected citizens over the next five years. In 2004 the government will only have the capacity to provide ARV to 8,000 Mozambicans, but it hopes to increase the number treated to 58,000 in 2006. In order to meet this goal the government has projected that it will have to add 1,500 trained health care workers to the existing infrastructure. The government is also concerned that condom distribution in the country is not meeting what is needed to stem the spread of infection. Only 900,000 condoms were distributed in 2001, less than 1 percent of the estimated need.

The Mozambique government launched its National Tuberculosis Control Programme in 1977 and the government has made fighting TB a priority. However, Mozambique's infrastrucutre is inadequate to adress the TB burden. The government has implemented DOTS coverage for TB. WHO estimates that 45 percent of TB cases are detected under DOTS protocols, and the program has a 77 percent treatment success rate. Mozambique developed a comprehensive DOTS expansion plan in February 2003; however the country faces serious challenges to TB control.

In 2004 the Mozambican government began importing artemisinin to act as a second-line drug in treating malaria. Artemisinin will supplement the first-line drugs of chloroquine and fansidar. The WHO helped negotiate discounted prices for Mozambique's purchase of the drug.

Sources: United Nations Statistics Division; WHO Report 2003: Global Tuberculosis Control; AllAfrica.com, Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo), January 25, 2004; AllAfrica.com, Agencia de Imformacao de Mocambique (Maputo), July 24, 2004

Demographic data contained in this section was obtained from the following sources: The Population Reference Bureau’s 2009 World Population Data Sheet was used for total population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, fertility, birth rate, death rate, % of married women 15-49 using modern methods of contraception, % of population 15-49 with HIV/AIDS in 2007/2008, and the GNI PPP per capita (2008). Literacy rates were found in the Population Reference Bureau’s publication 2005 Women of Our World. HIV prevalence data for 2001 and 2003 was obtained from the UNAIDS Barcelona 2002 report; HIV prevalence and orphan data for 2005 was obtained from the UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2006. Data on the % women who have discussed AIDS prevention with their husband or partner can be found in ORC Macro and USAID’s Women’s Lives and Experiences: Changes in the Past Ten Years (Research Findings from the Demographic and Health Surveys). Childhood malaria mortality data was accessed in 2003 from the United Nations Statistics Divisions’ Millennium Indicators. Tuberculosis data was obtained from the United Nations Statistics Division’s Millennium Indicators: MDGInfo 2006. In some cases information was unavailable.

The Italian charitable NGO Sant'Egidio has funded a $350,000 testing laboratory at the referral hospital in Maputo, and is building and staffing two similar laboratories at the other referral hospitals. Once the laboratories are established all their personnel will be Mozambicans.

Sources: International Telecommunication Union; AllAfrica.com, Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo), August 4, 2004

Centro de Investigacao em Saude Manhica (CISM)

In collaboration with the University of Barcelona, the Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK), and the Mozambican Ministry of Health, CISM began clinical trials of GSK's malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS02 in 2002. In the summer of 2003 another phase of the vaccine trials began with the vaccination of 2,000 Mozambican children. Results of the trials are expected at the end of 2004. These trials are being conducted in collaboration with the multi-country Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Infants (IPTI) Consortium funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (total funding of $16 million).

Sources: MVI; MyHealth; AllAfrica.com, Public Agenda (Accra), July 23, 2004; Science Development Network

Universidade Catolica-Beira, Medical School

Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Faculdade de Medicine

Financial support for TB control activities is provided by NORAD, the Association Italian Follereau (AIFO), Netherlands Leprosy Relief (NLR) , TLMI (The Leprosy Mission International), DFB, Lepra UK and Spanish Centre for Investigations in Health (CISM). The WHO, the IUATLD and the GLRA provide external technical support.

Source: WHO Report 2004, Global TB Control

Entity	Project Title	Diseases	Primary Category	Secondary Category
NIH	Organized Religion and HIV/AIDS in Mozambique	HIV/AIDS	Epidemiology
	(PI: Victor Agadjanian. 2003-2005.) Victor Agadjanian, a sociologist at Arizona State University, is studying how organized religion (mainline Roman...
NIH	AIDS International Training and Research Program	HIV/AIDS	Epidemiology
	(PI HOLMES, KING K. 1998-2008) The University of Washington's International AIDS Research and Training Program (IATRP) trains research...
NIH	Development of Novel Resistance Management Strategies	Malaria	Prevention
	(PI: Janet Hemingway. 2003-2008.) The objective of this research endeavor is to determine whether a novel insecticide rotation strategy can reverse...
NIH	AIDS Control Within a Research Endeavor: AWARE	HIV/AIDS	Capacity	Epidemiology,Prevention
	(PI: Aurelio da cruz Gomes. 2003-2005.) This is a two-year planning and capacity-building grant to develop capacity to study and fight HIV/AIDS in...
NIH	The Economic Cost of Malaria in Africa	Malaria	General
	(Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Sachs. 2001-2003.) This study is analysing the economic burden of malaria in South Africa and Mozambique.
Other US	Study to Examine the Safety and Immune Response of GSK Biologicals' Experimental Malaria Vaccine RTS,S/AS02D, When Administered to Infants Living in Malaria Endemic Region	Malaria	Drug Development	Prevention
	GlaxoSmithKline with the Malaria Vaccine Initiative at PATH. This PhaseI/IIb randomized, double-bind trial will test the safety and efficacy of a...
Other US	USAID	HIV/AIDS	Prevention
	President Bush has named Mozambique as one of 14 priority countries in his Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. This announcement has led to the...
Other US	CDC	HIV/AIDS,Tuberculosis	General
	The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Global AIDS program is supporting several activities in Mozambique that include: expanding the number of...
International	Comparison of Nevirapine and Efavirenz for the Treatment of HIV-TB co-Infected Patients (ANRS 12146)	HIV/AIDS,Tuberculosis	Drug Development
	French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Medecins Sans Frontieres (PIs: Maryline Bonnet, Alfredo Mac Arthur Junior)....
International	Multicenter Trial for the Evaluation of a Fixed Dose Combined Tablet for the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis	Tuberculosis	Drug Development
	International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, with USAID. (Study Director: Christian Lienhardt; Mozambique PI: Mateu Espasa) This...
International	Artesunate Plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Gametocytes Carriage and Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Malaria	Malaria	Drug Development
	Global Fund, University of Cape Town, Medical Research Council SA (PI: Karen Barnes). This study seeks to examine the impact of pregnancy upon the...
International	Efficacy of GSK Biologicals' Candidate Malaria Vaccine 257049 Against Malaria Disease in Infants and Children in Africa	Malaria	Drug Development
	GlaxoSmithKline will conduct this clinical trial at its investigational sites in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and...
International	An Open Label In Vivo Drug Study to Evaluate Combination Anti-Malarial Therapy (CAT), in Terms of Therapeutic Efficacy, Prevalence of Gametocyte Carriage and Prevalence of Molecular Markers Associate	Malaria	Drug Development
	with SP Resistance in Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Infections. (PI: Karen Barnes. 2002-2007). Investigators will examine the...
International	Efficacy and Safety of the Pediatric Formulation of Artemether-Lumefantrine in Children with Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria	Malaria	Drug Development
	Novartis. This trial is designed to determine the safety and effectiveness of a pediatric regimen of artemether-lumefantrine when children ages 12...
International	MIM/TDR Grants for Malaria Research	Malaria	Epidemiology
	A Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM)/TDR Task Force awarded one grant in the amount of $525,000 for malaria research in Mozambique in 2002....
International	Age of Exposure and Immunity to Malaria in Infants	Malaria	Prevention
	(PI: Pedro Alonso; Sub-investigator: Caterina Guinovart). This study is designed to evaluate whether exposure to Plasmodium falciparum...
International	France	HIV/AIDS	General
	In April of 2005, Mozambique and France signed an agreement under which the French government is to grant seven million euros (about $9.5 million...
International	GFATM	HIV/AIDS,Tuberculosis,Malaria	General
	In April of 2004 The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and...
International	DFID Tuberculosis Work Programme	HIV/AIDS,Tuberculosis	General
	The DFID Tuberculosis Program, led by Peter Godfrey-Faussett of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), conducts some TB-related...
NGO	Gates Foundation	Malaria	Drug Development
	The Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), founded by a grant from the Gates Foundation, is conducting clinical trials of GlaxoSmithKline's RTS,S/AS02A...
NGO	Sant-Egidio	HIV/AIDS	Capacity	Prevention
	The Italian Catholic charitable organization Sant'Egidio has established a $350,000 laboratory at the main referral hospital in Maputo, and is...
Foundation	Pyronaridine Artesunate 3:1 Granule Formulation vs. Coartem© Crushed Tablets in P. Falciparum Malaria Pediatric Patients	Malaria	Drug Development
	Medicines for Malaria Venture, Shin Poong Pharmaceuticals (Study Director: Claude Oeuvray; PIs: Alfred Tiono, Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto, Louis...
Foundation	MTCT-Plus Initiative	HIV/AIDS	Prevention
	The MTCT-Plus Initiative aims to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Mozambique and several other developing nations with high HIV/AIDS...
Foundation	Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative	HIV/AIDS	General
	The William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation has negotiated with pharmaceutical companies to obtain reduced prices for ARV drugs and HIV/AIDS...

1. Mozambique and Cuba have discussed possible collaborations to produce low-cost anti-retroviral drugs.